FIRE (financial independence, retire early) means having enough invested to cover your spending for good, so work becomes optional.
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Yearly spending divided by the withdrawal rate. At 4% that's 25 times what you spend in a year.
Inflation comes off your return, so €30,000 in 2050 buys what it buys now, and the FIRE number line on the chart stays flat.
In US market history, 4% a year plus inflation lasted at least 30 years in almost every period. Stopping at 40 can mean 50 years, so many people plan with 3.5% or 3%.
With the default numbers, the last quarter takes just over half as long as the first. Early on your savings do the work; later the portfolio's own returns take over.
Real returns jump around from year to year. A crash in the first years after you stop hurts most, and a lower withdrawal rate gives you room for it.
A pension that starts later means you need less from then on. Treat the result as a rough plan and come back to it every year.
Retiring on a tight budget that covers the essentials. The FIRE number is smaller, so you get there sooner, with less room for surprises.
Enough to keep a comfortable life after you stop, with travel and a cushion. It takes longer and usually needs a high income.
What you've invested grows into your FIRE number by retirement age with no more saving, so you only need to earn what you spend today.
Coast FIRE calculatorYou leave full-time work and part-time income covers some of your spending, so the portfolio can be smaller.
Barista FIRE calculator